(Jody Gray): this Blog Post continues the lineage of the House of Wessex from Alfred ‘the Great’ King of Wessex. Alfred’s daughter, Elfthryth married Baldwin II, Margrave of Flanders -see, House of Flanders.
Son of Alfred ‘the Great’ -
35th great-uncle, Edward the Elder, King of the Anglo-Saxons b. 874 d. 924 - Edward had three wives and many children.
1st cousin 35x removed, Athelstan, King of the Anglo-Saxons b. 894 d. 939.
1st cousin 35x removed, Edmund I ‘the Elder’ King of the English b. 921 d. 946.
1st cousin 35x removed, Eadred, King of the English b. 923 d. 955
1st cousin 35x removed, Eadred, King of the English b. 923 d. 955
1st cousin 35x removed, Eadgifu m: Charles the Simple, King of West Francia.
1st cousin 35x removed, Eadgyth m: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor.
1st cousin 35x removed, Eadhild m: Hugh the Great, Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris
- Sons of Edmund I 'the Elder'.
2nd cousin 34x removed, Eadwig, King of the English b. ca. 941 d. 959
2nd cousin 34x removed, Eadwig, King of the English b. ca. 941 d. 959
2nd cousin 34x removed, Edgar the Peaceful, King of the English b. 944 d. 975
3rd cousin 33x removed, Edward ‘the Martyr’, King of the English b. 962 d. 978
3rd cousin 33x removed, Ethelred ‘the Unready’, King of the English b. 966 d. 1016
- Sons of Ethelred ‘the Unready’.
1st cousin 30x removed, Edward the Confessor, King of the English b. 1003 d. 1066
4th cousin 32x removed, Edmund ‘Ironside’, King of the English d. 1016 *leaving two sons, Edward and Edmund; however, Cnut 'the Great' became King of all England.
5th cousin 32x removed, Edward Atheling ‘ the Exile’ b. 1016 d. 1057
6th cousin 30x removed, Margaret Atheling b. 1045 m: Malcolm III, King of Alba (Scotland)...
https://en.wikipedia. House of Wessex.
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| Golden Wyvern of Wessex |
Background to the Reign of Edward the Elder. Mercia was the dominant kingdom in southern England in the eighth century and maintained its position until it suffered a decisive defeat by Wessex at the Battle of Ellandun in 825. Thereafter the two kingdoms became allies, which was to be an important factor in English resistance to the Vikings. In 865 the Danish Viking Great Heathen Army landed in East Anglia and used this as a starting point for an invasion. The East Anglians were forced to buy peace and the following year the Vikings invaded Northumbria, where they appointed a puppet king in 867. They then moved on Mercia, where they spent the winter of 867–868. King Burgred of Mercia was joined by King Æthelred of Wessex and his brother, the future King Alfred, for a combined attack on the Vikings, who refused an engagement; in the end the Mercians bought peace with them. The following year, the Danes conquered East Anglia, and in 874 they expelled King Burgred and Ceolwulf became the last King of Mercia with their support. In 877 the Vikings partitioned Mercia, taking the eastern regions for themselves and allowing Ceolwulf to keep the western ones. The situation was transformed the following year [May 878] when Alfred won a decisive victory over the Danes at the Battle of Edington. He was thus able to prevent the Vikings from taking Wessex and western Mercia, although they still occupied Northumbria, East Anglia and eastern Mercia.
https://en.wikipedia. Danelaw, the part of England in which the laws of the Danes held sway; areas in northern and eastern England. Viking warriors, having sought treasure and glory in the nearby British Isles, “Proceeded to plough and support themselves”. In 865, instead of raiding, the Danes landed a large army in East Anglia, with the intention of conquering the four Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England. The armies of various Danish leaders had come together to provide one combined force under a leadership that included Halfdan Ragnarsson and Ivar the Boneless, the sons of the legendary Viking leader Ragnar Lodbrok. The army was described in the annals as the Great Heathen Army… The reasons for the waves of immigration were complex and bound to the political situation in Scandinavia at that time; moreover, they occurred when Viking settlers were also establishing their presence in the Hebrides, Orkney, the Faeroe Island, Ireland, Iceland, Greenland, France (Normandy), the Balticum, Russia and Ukraine (see Kievan Rus’).
https://en.wikipedia. Ethelwold aka Ethelwald d. 902/903 was the younger of two known sons of Ethelred I, King of Wessex (865-871). Ethelwold was an infant when his father died while fighting a Danish Viking invasion, the throne passed to the king’s younger brother (and Ethelwold’s uncle) Alfred the Great, who carried on the war against the Vikings and won a crucial victory at the Battle of Edington in 878. After Alfred’s death in 899, Ethelwold disputed the throne with Alfred’s son, Edward the Elder. As senior atheling (prince of the royal dynasty eligible for kingship), he had a strong claim to the throne. He was unable to get sufficient support to meet Edward in battle and fled to Viking-controlled Northumbria, where he was accepted as king. In 901 or 902 he sailed with a fleet to Essex, where he was also accepted as king. The following year Ethelwold persuaded the East Anglian Danes to attack Edward’s territory in Wessex and Mercia. Edward retaliated with a raid on East Anglia, and when he withdrew the men of Kent lingered and met the East Anglian Danes at the Battle of the Holme [12/13/902]. The Danes were victorious but suffered heavy losses, including the death of Ethelwold, which ended the challenge to Edward’s rule.
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| England, 878, showing English territory, Danish or Norse territory, and Celtic lands |
https://en.wikipedia. Ethelwold aka Ethelwald d. 902/903 was the younger of two known sons of Ethelred I, King of Wessex (865-871). Ethelwold was an infant when his father died while fighting a Danish Viking invasion, the throne passed to the king’s younger brother (and Ethelwold’s uncle) Alfred the Great, who carried on the war against the Vikings and won a crucial victory at the Battle of Edington in 878. After Alfred’s death in 899, Ethelwold disputed the throne with Alfred’s son, Edward the Elder. As senior atheling (prince of the royal dynasty eligible for kingship), he had a strong claim to the throne. He was unable to get sufficient support to meet Edward in battle and fled to Viking-controlled Northumbria, where he was accepted as king. In 901 or 902 he sailed with a fleet to Essex, where he was also accepted as king. The following year Ethelwold persuaded the East Anglian Danes to attack Edward’s territory in Wessex and Mercia. Edward retaliated with a raid on East Anglia, and when he withdrew the men of Kent lingered and met the East Anglian Danes at the Battle of the Holme [12/13/902]. The Danes were victorious but suffered heavy losses, including the death of Ethelwold, which ended the challenge to Edward’s rule.
https://en.wikipedia. 35th great-uncle, Edward the Elder, King of the Anglo-Saxons b. ca. 874 d. 7/17/924. Reign (899-924). Coronation, 6/8/900, Kingston upon Thames or Winchester. m1 (893): Ecgwynn m2 (900): Elfflaed m3: Eadgifu (919). Edward's Reign: No battles are recorded between the Anglo-Saxons and the Danish Vikings for several years after the 902 Battle of Holme (see, above, background), but in 906 Edward agreed to peace with the East Anglian and Northumbrian Danes, suggesting that there had been conflict. According to one version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle he made peace "of necessity", suggesting he was forced to buy them off. In 909, Edward sent an army to harass Northumbria. In the following year, the Northumbrian Vikings retaliated by raiding Mercia, but on their way home they were met by a combined Mercian and West Saxon army at the Battle of Tettenhall [8/5/910], where the Northumbrians suffered a disastrous defeat. From that point, they never ventured south of the River Humber, and Edward and his Mercian allies were able to concentrate on conquering the southern Danelaw in East Anglia and the Five Boroughs of Viking east Mercia: Derby, Leicester, Lincoln, Nottingham and Stamford. In 911 Ethelred, Lord of the Mercians, died, and Edward took control of the Mercian lands around London and Oxford... he began construction of fortresses to guard against Viking attacks and protect territory captured from them... In 914 a Viking army sailed from Brittany and ravaged the Severn estuary. It was defeated by a Mercian army... In the autumn the Vikings moved on to Ireland... The decisive year in the war was 917... the Danes launched unsuccessful attacks on Towcester, Bedford and Wigingamere, while Æthelflæd captured Derby... the Danes had built their own fortress at Tempsford, but at the end of the summer the English stormed it and killed the last Danish king of East Anglia... by the end of the year the only Danish armies still holding out were those of four of the Five Boroughs, Leicester, Stamford, Nottingham, and Lincoln... the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 918, "all the people who had settled in Mercia, both Danish and English, submitted to him." This would mean that he ruled all England south of the Humber... nothing is known of Edward's relations with the Mercians after 919 until the last year of his life, when he had to put down a Mercian and Welsh revolt at Chester. Died 7/17/924, Farndon, Cheshire, England. Burial, New Minster, Winchester, later translated to Hyde Abbey. Succeeded by his son, Elfweard as King of Wessex, he died 16 days after his father; he was succeeded by his half-brother, Athelstan...
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| The British Isles in the early 10th century |
https://en.wikipedia. 1st cousin 35x removed, Athelstan, King of the Anglo-Saxons b. ca. 894 d. 10/27/939. King of the Anglo-Saxons, Reign (924-927), Coronation, 9/4/925. King of the English, Reign (927-939). In 927 he conquered the last remaining Viking Kingdom, York, making him the first Anglo-Saxon ruler of the whole of England. In 934 he invaded Scotland and forced Constantine II to submit to him but Athelstan's rule was resented by the Scots and Vikings, and in 937 they invaded England. Athelstan defeated them at the Battle of Brunanburh, -the Kingdom of England against the Kingdoms of Dublin, Alba (Scotland), and Strathclyde -Commanders and leaders: Athelstan and Edmund of England against Olaf III Guthfithson, Constantine II of Scotland and Owen I of Strathclyde -this battle is often attributed to as the point of origin for English nationalism -called "the greatest single battle in Anglo-Saxon history before Hastings... After Athelstan's death in 939 the Vikings seized back control of York, and it was not finally reconquered until 954. Legacy: More legal texts survive from his reign than from any other 10th-century English king. They show his concern about widespread robberies, and the threat they posed to social order. Athelstan was one of the most pious West Saxon kings, known for collecting relics and founding churches. No other West Saxon king played as important a role in European politics as Athelstan; he arranged the marriages of several of his sisters to continental rulers. Anglo-Saxon kings ruled through ealdormen, who had the highest lay status under the king. In 9th-century Wessex they each ruled a single shire, but by the middle of the 10th they had authority over a much wider area, probably because of Athelstan's problems of governing his extended realm. Several of the ealdormen who witnessed charters had Scandinavian names, and while the localities they came from cannot be identified, they were almost certainly the successors of the earls who led Danish armies in the time of Edward the Elder, and who were retained by Athelstan as his representatives in local government. Beneath the ealdormen, reeves -royal officials who were noble local landowners -were in charge of a town or royal estate. The authority of church and state was not separated in early medieval societies, and the lay officials worked closely with their diocesan bishop and local abbots, who also attended the king's royal councils. Athelstan created the most centralized government England had yet seen. The charters of his reign provide full details of the date and place of adoption, etc., crucial information for historians. Anglo-Saxon kings did not have a fixed capital city. Athelstan stayed mainly in Wessex, however, and controlled outlying areas by summoning leading figures to his councils. John Maddicott sees Athelstan as "the true if unwitting founder of the English parliament." The two earliest [legal] codes were concerned with clerical matters; the first asserts the importance of paying titles to the church; the second enforces the duty of charity on Athelstan's reeves, specifying the amount to be given to the poor and requiring reeves to free one penal slave annually. His religious outlook is shown in a wider sacralization of the law in his reign. European relations. The West Saxon court had connections with the Carolingians going back to the marriage between Athelstan's great-grandfather Ethelwulf and Judith, daughter of the king of West Francia, Charles the Bald, as well as the marriage of Alfred the Great's daughter, Elfthryth to Judith's son by a later marriage, Baldwin II, Count of Flanders. One of Athelstan's half-sisters, Eadgifu, married Charles the Simple, King of the West Franks, in the late 910s. He was deposed in 922, and Eadgifu sent their son, Louis to safety in England. Like his father, Athelstan was unwilling to marry his female relatives to his own subjects, so his sisters either entered nunneries or married foreign husbands -there was common interest on both sides of the Channel in resisting the threat from the Vikings. In 926 Hugh, Duke of the Franks, sent Athelstan's cousin, Adelolf, Count of Boulogne, on an embassy to ask for the hand of one of Athelstan's sisters. He sent his half-sister Eadhild to be Hugh's wife. Henry the Fowler sent ambassadors to Athelstan's court seeking a wife for his son, Otto, who later became Holy Roman Emperor. Athelstan sent two of his half-sisters, and Otto chose Eadgyth. Athelstan was also known for the support he gave to dispossessed young royalty... Athelstan died 20/27/939 at Gloucester, England; burial, Malmesbury Abbey, Wiltshire, England. He never married, and was succeeded by his half-brother, Edmund.
https://en.wikipedia. 1st cousin 35x removed, Edmund I ‘the Elder’ King of the English b. 921 Wessex, England d. 5/26/946 Pucklechurch, Gloucestershire, England. Reign (939-946), Coronation, c. 11/29/939. Reign: Shortly after becoming king, King Olaf III Guthfrithson conquered Northumbria and invaded the Midlands; when Olaf died in 942, Edmund reconquered the Midlands. In 943, Edmund became the god-father of King Olaf of York. In 944, Edmund was successful in reconquering Northumbria. His ally Olaf of York lost his throne and left for Dublin in Ireland. Olaf became the king of Dublin as Amlaíb Cuarán and continued to be allied to his god-father. In 945, Edmund conquered Strathclyde but ceded the territory to King Malcolm I of Scotland in exchange for a treaty of mutual military support. Edmund thus established a policy of safe borders and peaceful relationships with Scotland. During his reign, the revival of monasteries in England began. On 5/26/946, Edmund was murdered by Leofa, an exiled thief, while attending St Augustine's Day mass in Pucklechurch, Gloucestershire, England. He was succeeded as king by his brother Eadred.
https://en.wikipedia. 1st cousin 35x removed, Eadred, King of the English b. 923 Wessex, England d. 955 Frome, Somerset, England. Reign (946-955). Coronation, 8/16/946, Kingston-upon-Thames. Reign: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the year 946 records that Eadred "reduced all the land of Northumbria to his control; and the Scots granted him oaths that they would do all that he wanted. (there are difficulties with the chronology of the events) there were two Scandinavian princes who set themselves up as kings of Northumbria. Olaf Sihtricson aka Amlaíb Cuarán was ousted from the kingship by the Northumbrians, in favor of Eric son of Harald. The other Norsemen was Eric 'Bloodaxe', previously king of Norway (930-934) appears to have set himself up as king in Northumbria. King Eadred raided Northumbria and managed to check his rival by promising his supporters even greater havoc if they did not desert the foreign prince; they appeased the English king and paid compensation. He died 11/23/955 from a digestive disorder; buried in the Old Minster at Winchester (bones now in Winchester Cathedral). A bachelor, he was succeeded by (his nephew) Edmund's son Eadwig.
https://en.wikipedia. 2nd cousin 34x removed, Eadwig, King of the English b. ca. 941 Wessex, England d. 10/1/959 Gloucester, England. Reign (955-959). Reign: According to one legend, the feud with (clergyman) Dunstan began on the day of Eadwig's consecration, when he failed to attend a meeting of nobles; Dunstan found him cavorting with a noblewoman named Ethelgifu and dragged Eadwig away. Later, Dunstan fled to the sanctuary of his cloister; Eadwig followed him and plundered the monastery. About 955, Eadwig married Elfgiu (little is known about her); between 957-8, in a clearly politically motivated act, their marriage was annulled by the church on the grounds of consanguinity. A pro-Dunstan, pro-Benedictine party began to form around Athelstan Half-King's domain of East Anglia and supporting Eadwig's younger brother Edgar. In 957, rather than see the country descend into civil war, the nobles agreed to divide the kingdom along the Thames, Eadwig keeping Wessex and Kent in the south and Edgar ruling in the north. Eadwig died at a young age in 959; Burial, Winchester Cathedral. He was succeeded by his brother, Edgar.
https://en.wikipedia. 2nd cousin 34x removed, Edgar the Peaceful, King of the English b. 943/944 d. 7/8/975 Winchester, Hampshire, England. Reign (959-975). Reign: Edgar was only 16 when his brother Eadwig died and he succeeded him as King of England. Edgar immediately recalled Dunstan from exile and made him Bishop of Worcester (and subsequently Bishop of London and later, Archbishop of Canterbury); he remained Edgar's adviser throughout his reign. The Monastic Reform Movement that introduced the Benedictine Rule to England's monastic communities peaked during the era of Dunstan... Edgar was crowned at Bath, Somerset, England and anointed with his wife Elfthryth, setting a precedent for a coronation of a queen in England itself.
His coronation did not happen until 973, in an imperial ceremony planned not as the initiation, but as the culmination of his reign (a move that must have taken a great deal of preliminary diplomacy). This service, devised by Archbishop Dunstan himself, it forms the basis of the present-day British coronation ceremony. The symbolic coronation was an important step; other kings of Britain came and gave their allegiance to Edgar shortly afterwards at Chester, England, Six kings in Britain, including Kings of Scots and the King of Strathclyde, pledged their faith that they would be the king's liege-men on sea and land. Later chroniclers made the kings into eight, all plying the oars of Edgar's state barge on the River Dee (what actually happened is unclear). Edgar died 7/8/975; burial, Glastonbury Abbey, Somerset, England. He was succeeded by his son Edward.
https://en.wikipedia. 3rd cousin 33x removed, Edward ‘the Martyr’, King of the English b. ca. 962. d. 3/18/978, Corfe Castle, Dorset, England. Reign (975-978). Edward was the eldest son of King Edgar 'the Peaceful' but was not his father's acknowledged heir -he was known to be Edgar's son, his mother thought to be a noblewoman named Ethelfleda (unverified). When Edgar died, some supported Edward's claim, others supported his younger brother Ethelred 'the Unready' as his legitimate son (born when his mother Elfthryth was consecrated queen). (Ethelred was probably nine and Edward a few years older.) Edward was chosen and crowned by his main clerical supporters, the archbishops Dunstan and Oswald of Worcester. The great nobles of the kingdom, ealdormen Elfhere and Ethelwine, quarreled, and civil war almost broke out. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reports that after Edward's succession, a comet appeared and famine and "manifold disturbances" (anti-monastic reaction) followed; the nobles took advantage of this and dispossessed the Benedictine reformed monasteries of lands and other properties that King Edgar had granted to them (Edgar had dispossessed many lesser nobles and rewritten leases and loans to the benefit of the monasteries; secular clergy had been expelled from the new monasteries). The magnates forced abbots to rewrite leases and loans to favor the local nobility. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Edward was murdered while visiting Elfthryth and Ethelred near Corfe Castle -there are various theories as to who killed him and why -he was buried at Wareham "without any royal honors". In 979, his body was reburied with great ceremony at Shaftesbury Abbey -according to the life of Oswald, Edward's body was found to be in-corrupt when it was disinterred, which was taken as a miraculous sign -this marks the beginning of the early cult of Edward. During the 16th century and English Reformation, King Henry VIII led the dissolution of the monasteries and many holy places were demolished. Edward's remains were hidden so as to avoid desecration. In 1931, the relics were recovered by John Edward Wilson-Claridge during an archaeological excavation. Due to a dispute over where the relics should go, they remained in a bank vault in Woking, Surrey (for decades). In time, the relics were placed in a church in Brookwood Cemetery in Woking, with the enshrinement ceremony occurring in Sept. 1984. In the Orthodox Church, St Edward is ranked as a Passion-bearer, a type of saint who accepts death out of love for Christ. Edward was never officially canonized, but he is also regarded as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Roman Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion. His feast day is celebrated on March 18, the day of his murder. The Orthodox Church commemorates him a second time each year on Sept. 3 and commemorates the translation of his relics into Orthodox possession of Feb. 13. Edward 'the Martyr' was succeeded by his half-brother Ethelred.
(Jody Gray) I’m breaking off with Edward because during Ethelred’s reign Sweyn of Denmark invaded England, caused Ethelred to go into exile; on Christmas Day 1013 Sweyn was declared King of England. Thus began a period of fluctuation of “King of England” between the House of Denmark, the House of Wessex, ending with the House of Godwin; culminating in the Battle of Hastings and the 1st Norman King of England, William ‘the Conqueror’.
https://en.wikipedia. 2nd cousin 34x removed, Eadwig, King of the English b. ca. 941 Wessex, England d. 10/1/959 Gloucester, England. Reign (955-959). Reign: According to one legend, the feud with (clergyman) Dunstan began on the day of Eadwig's consecration, when he failed to attend a meeting of nobles; Dunstan found him cavorting with a noblewoman named Ethelgifu and dragged Eadwig away. Later, Dunstan fled to the sanctuary of his cloister; Eadwig followed him and plundered the monastery. About 955, Eadwig married Elfgiu (little is known about her); between 957-8, in a clearly politically motivated act, their marriage was annulled by the church on the grounds of consanguinity. A pro-Dunstan, pro-Benedictine party began to form around Athelstan Half-King's domain of East Anglia and supporting Eadwig's younger brother Edgar. In 957, rather than see the country descend into civil war, the nobles agreed to divide the kingdom along the Thames, Eadwig keeping Wessex and Kent in the south and Edgar ruling in the north. Eadwig died at a young age in 959; Burial, Winchester Cathedral. He was succeeded by his brother, Edgar.
https://en.wikipedia. 2nd cousin 34x removed, Edgar the Peaceful, King of the English b. 943/944 d. 7/8/975 Winchester, Hampshire, England. Reign (959-975). Reign: Edgar was only 16 when his brother Eadwig died and he succeeded him as King of England. Edgar immediately recalled Dunstan from exile and made him Bishop of Worcester (and subsequently Bishop of London and later, Archbishop of Canterbury); he remained Edgar's adviser throughout his reign. The Monastic Reform Movement that introduced the Benedictine Rule to England's monastic communities peaked during the era of Dunstan... Edgar was crowned at Bath, Somerset, England and anointed with his wife Elfthryth, setting a precedent for a coronation of a queen in England itself.
https://en.wikipedia. 3rd cousin 33x removed, Edward ‘the Martyr’, King of the English b. ca. 962. d. 3/18/978, Corfe Castle, Dorset, England. Reign (975-978). Edward was the eldest son of King Edgar 'the Peaceful' but was not his father's acknowledged heir -he was known to be Edgar's son, his mother thought to be a noblewoman named Ethelfleda (unverified). When Edgar died, some supported Edward's claim, others supported his younger brother Ethelred 'the Unready' as his legitimate son (born when his mother Elfthryth was consecrated queen). (Ethelred was probably nine and Edward a few years older.) Edward was chosen and crowned by his main clerical supporters, the archbishops Dunstan and Oswald of Worcester. The great nobles of the kingdom, ealdormen Elfhere and Ethelwine, quarreled, and civil war almost broke out. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reports that after Edward's succession, a comet appeared and famine and "manifold disturbances" (anti-monastic reaction) followed; the nobles took advantage of this and dispossessed the Benedictine reformed monasteries of lands and other properties that King Edgar had granted to them (Edgar had dispossessed many lesser nobles and rewritten leases and loans to the benefit of the monasteries; secular clergy had been expelled from the new monasteries). The magnates forced abbots to rewrite leases and loans to favor the local nobility. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Edward was murdered while visiting Elfthryth and Ethelred near Corfe Castle -there are various theories as to who killed him and why -he was buried at Wareham "without any royal honors". In 979, his body was reburied with great ceremony at Shaftesbury Abbey -according to the life of Oswald, Edward's body was found to be in-corrupt when it was disinterred, which was taken as a miraculous sign -this marks the beginning of the early cult of Edward. During the 16th century and English Reformation, King Henry VIII led the dissolution of the monasteries and many holy places were demolished. Edward's remains were hidden so as to avoid desecration. In 1931, the relics were recovered by John Edward Wilson-Claridge during an archaeological excavation. Due to a dispute over where the relics should go, they remained in a bank vault in Woking, Surrey (for decades). In time, the relics were placed in a church in Brookwood Cemetery in Woking, with the enshrinement ceremony occurring in Sept. 1984. In the Orthodox Church, St Edward is ranked as a Passion-bearer, a type of saint who accepts death out of love for Christ. Edward was never officially canonized, but he is also regarded as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Roman Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion. His feast day is celebrated on March 18, the day of his murder. The Orthodox Church commemorates him a second time each year on Sept. 3 and commemorates the translation of his relics into Orthodox possession of Feb. 13. Edward 'the Martyr' was succeeded by his half-brother Ethelred.
(Jody Gray) I’m breaking off with Edward because during Ethelred’s reign Sweyn of Denmark invaded England, caused Ethelred to go into exile; on Christmas Day 1013 Sweyn was declared King of England. Thus began a period of fluctuation of “King of England” between the House of Denmark, the House of Wessex, ending with the House of Godwin; culminating in the Battle of Hastings and the 1st Norman King of England, William ‘the Conqueror’.
*BP: House of Wessex usurped by House of Denmark. http://gray-adamsfamily.blogspot. *
*BP: Timeline, earliest Dynasties in Europe (687-ca. 987) end of Carolingian Dynasty.
*BP: Timeline, earliest Dynasties in Europe (687-ca. 987) end of Carolingian Dynasty.
Other, Related Sources:
https://en.wikipedia. * English Unification. *
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